Class 11 Notes Computer Science Central Processing Unit Important Short Questions – “A computer is an electronic device that accepts input and instructions with the help of an input device, stores them until needed, processes them, and then produces results with the help of an output device.”
B. Output Device: It is used to output the input given by the user. For example, monitors, printers, etc.
Class 11 Notes Computer Science Central Processing Unit Important Short Questions
Processing operations is the basic operation of the computer. A processing operation is the process of converting input to output. The central processing unit (CPU) processes the input and produces the desired output. The CPU stores the instructions in the computer’s memory to process that input. All instructions and programs are directly accessible from the computer’s memory for processing.
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Laptop: Laptop is one of the Microcomputers. It is designed for mobile computing. It has all the features mobile users need for work. This is easy to use. It is smaller in size, so it is easily transported. These can be used like in airplanes and so on.
The non-physical components of a computer and the collection of instructions that allow users to interact with the computer are called software.
Answer: Application software is a type of software that is used to perform various tasks. It helps users solve real-world problems. Some of the software used to assist users are:
In most cases not all functions are available in the trial version or have limited use. To use all features, the software must be purchased.
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Shareware can be distributed for free. In most cases, permission from the author is required to distribute shareware.
A software license is a permission or agreement that gives you a legal obligation to use and distribute the software.
So licensed software is a type of software that uses a license to transfer the right to use the software to the user. There are some restrictions on modifying, redistributing and rebuilding the software etc. Some examples of this software are:
License agreements usually limit how we use the software. We may not copy, modify or distribute. We do not have access to the source code. Software licenses are generally used in different terms. Among others:
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Answer: Firmware is a software program or set of instructions programmed into a hardware device. It provides the necessary instructions for the device to communicate with other computer hardware. These instructions are written in machine language and are permanently embedded in the hardware. Examples of hardware devices with firmware include:
Broad Questions Q.3) Give detailed answers to the following questions. i) What is computer equipment? Describe early and modern computer equipment.
These calculations can be simple or complicated. The fastest computing device is the computer. It can help you make or do calculations.
Modern Computer Equipment: Most early computer equipment used vacuum tubes, slow computer speed and their size. Then in 1948 they were replaced by transistors that help increase the speed of computer systems and reduce their size.
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In 1951, the integrated circuit (IC) chip was introduced. This is a real revolution in the IT industry. These tiny chips boost the performance of computers and modern computing devices.
In addition, computing devices are becoming faster and smaller in size. Now we have many modern devices like laptops, notebooks etc.
Computers are classified based on physical size, performance, and space. In general, computers are classified as follows:
Microcomputers are also called personal computers (PCs). It is the most expensive computer. They were originally designed for personal users, but today they are also used in businesses and many other places.
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Desktop Computer: This is the most common type of microcomputer. This type of computer is equally used in homes, offices, educational institutions, etc. Size and style vary. Their speed depends on the CPU they are using and some internal hardware components.
A laptop computer is one of the Microcomputers. It is designed for mobile computing. It has all the features mobile users need for work. This is easy to use. It is smaller in size, so it is easily transported. These can be used like in airplanes and so on.
Laptop: Laptop is one of the micro. It is designed for mobile computing. It has all the features mobile users need for work. This is easy to use. It is smaller in size, so it is easily transported. These can be used in airplanes etc.
Mobile computers: These computers are very light in weight and can be carried. So they are also called Palmtop computers. They are portable computers. The most common of these computers in use today is the smartphone. The image below shows a mobile computer.
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Mobile Computer: A mobile computer is a small computer device. These include laptops, smart phones, PDAs and desktop computers. Some are small enough to hold. It has a screen with touch input. These devices can receive and transmit signals through receiver devices. All these devices work in full duplex mode. Full duplex means that these can send and receive signals at the same time.
These devices provide mobility to the user. This means that they are not forced to sit or stay in one place to use the computer. They can move and go anywhere and use mobile computers because one of the basic features of mobile computers is that they provide wireless communication. The image shows a mobile computer:
2) Mainframe computers: Mainframe computers are more expensive than desktop computers. Large organizations use them for a number of important applications, such as surveys, industry and customer statistics, enterprise resource planning, and financial transactions.
These computers are larger and more powerful than desktop computers. They have a large memory to store a lot of information. Their speed is billions per second (BIPS). Mainframe systems are primarily used as super servers in large client-server networks. These are also used for high volume websites. These are used by airlines to make tickets and reservations. It is also used by government departments, banks and insurance companies.
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Supercomputers are the most powerful, the most expensive and the largest. These are specially designed for science, engineering and business applications. Their speed is in the billions or trillions of instructions per second.
They are used for weather forecasting, weapons research, stock analysis, automobile design, and more. They have a large memory space to store data. Their memory speed is higher than other types of computers.
An example of a supercomputer is Sequoia, which is an IBM supercomputer located at NASA. It can execute 16 trillion instructions per second. The image below shows this supercomputer.
We cannot touch and feel software like hardware. It provides communication between the computer and the user. These instructions are written in a specific computer language understood by the computer hardware.
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System software is a collection of one or more programs used to control and coordinate other hardware and software applications. In general, system software can perform the following functions:
Application software is a collection of one or more programs used to solve a specific task. It is not limited to a specific function. It is useful for solving many problems. It is generally used in the banking industry, airline reservations and many other areas.
General purpose application software is a type of application that can be used for a variety of tasks. It is not limited to a specific function. These are called commercial software packages. These are divided into the following main categories:
I. Productivity Software: It is a type of application software that makes people efficient and effective in their daily activities. This software is becoming popular and needs to be learned more and more. Some common types of productivity software include:
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It is any software used by business users to perform various business functions. This term is specifically used for software that helps businesses achieve specific goals through the principles that the software supports. Some business software includes:
Entertainment software is an entertainment tool for users. They can play all kinds of media files such as audio, video, etc. provide them using Game software is also available. Some examples of entertainment software include:
Application software is also useful for educational purposes. They allow the use of computers as a teaching and learning tool for students. Useful software for educational purposes are:
An input device is a hardware component of a computer system. These are used to provide different input data or instructions to the computer memory.
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It is a device for entering data into the computer by pressing a button. It looks like a typewriter keyboard but has a few extra keys. A typical keyboard includes:
The standard keyboard has 101 keys. This is also called a QWERTY keyboard because of the top row of keys.
A pointing input device that controls the movement of the cursor is called a mouse. It has a ball at the bottom, which rolls on a flat surface or on the mouse wheel. Rolling movements a
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